The Rise and Fall of the Medieval Islamic Empire: Insights from Petra Sijpesteijn & Birte Kristiansen
The medieval Islamic Empire stands as one of history’s most influential civilizations. It expanded rapidly across continents, became a global center of scholarship and commerce, and ultimately fragmented into diverse regional powers. Drawing on the work of historians such as Petra M. Sijpesteijn and Birte Kristiansen, this article explores how the empire rose to power, […]